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Under section 5(1) of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, this offence refers to selling, administering, giving, transferring, transporting or delivering drugs. A person can also be charged with drug trafficking for offering to do any of those things without actually doing them.

As with drug possession, knowledge and control are essential elements of drug trafficking. The accused person must have knowledge of the nature of the controlled substances and exercise control over them.

Penalties for drug trafficking convictions can be severe and vary depending on several factors, including the type and quantity of drugs involved, the accused person's criminal history, and other circumstances. Penalties may include lengthy imprisonment sentences, substantial fines, confiscation of assets or proceeds obtained through drug trafficking, mandatory minimum sentences for certain drug offences, and forfeiture of property used in drug trafficking.